Nail Fungus
Test Overview
The PCR Nail Fungus Test is a highly accurate diagnostic tool designed to detect fungal infections affecting the nails (onychomycosis). Using advanced molecular technology, this test identifies fungal DNA from a small nail sample, allowing for precise detection of the specific pathogen causing the infection. Unlike traditional culture methods, the PCR test provides rapid and reliable results, helping to guide effective treatment decisions. By pinpointing the exact fungal species, this test ensures targeted antifungal therapy for better outcomes. The PCR Nail Fungus Test provides fast, precise, and comprehensive results, ensuring accurate diagnosis and effective treatment strategies for fungal nail infections.
Test Types
- PCR Nail Fungus Test: Detects fungal DNA with high sensitivity, providing species identification for precise treatment.
- Fungal Culture: Grows fungi from the nail sample to confirm the presence of infection and assess antifungal susceptibility.
- KOH Preparation (Microscopy): Uses potassium hydroxide (KOH) to dissolve non-fungal elements, allowing direct visualization of fungal structures under a microscope.
Nail Fungus Test Results & Ranges
| Test Component: | Normal Range: | Abnormal (Possible Fungal Infection) Range: |
|---|---|---|
| PCR Detection | Negative (No fungal DNA detected) | Positive (Fungal DNA identified) |
| Fungal Culture | No fungal growth (Negative) | Fungal growth detected (Identifies specific fungal species) |
| KOH Preparation | No fungal elements observed | Fungal hyphae/spores visible under a microscope |
Common Detected Pathogens
- Dermatophytes (Most common causes of nail fungus):
- Trichophyton rubrum – Most frequent cause of toenail fungus
- Trichophyton mentagrophytes – Causes more aggressive infections
- Epidermophyton floccosum – Less common but still a known cause
- Non-Dermatophyte Molds (Opportunistic fungi):
- Scopulariopsis brevicaulis – Difficult to treat, often resistant to antifungals
- Aspergillus species – More common in immunocompromised patients
- Yeasts (Candida-related infections):
- Candida albicans – More common in fingernail infections
- Candida parapsilosis – Often associated with chronic infections
Expected Turnaround Time
- PCR Nail Fungus Test: 24–48 hours
- Fungal Culture: 1–4 weeks (depending on growth)
- KOH Preparation: Within a few hours
Specimen Requirements
- Sample Type: Nail clipping or nail debris from the affected area
- Volume: A sufficient portion of the nail (5mm or larger)
- Container: Sterile specimen container or collection envelope
Collection Instructions:
- Clean the nail area with alcohol to remove external contaminants.
- Clip or scrape a sample from the most affected part of the nail.
- Place the sample in a sterile collection container.
- Deliver the sample to the lab as soon as possible.
- Storage: Keep dry at room temperature; do not refrigerate or freeze.
Test Details
Clinical Use: Confirms onychomycosis (fungal nail infection) presence. Identifies the specific fungal species responsible for infection. Helps guide targeted antifungal treatment.
Limitations: False negatives may occur if the sample is too small or if the fungus is present in deeper nail layers. Prior antifungal treatment can affect detection.