Lab Testing from Genics Laboratories – Convenient At-Home Tests Available
Shop Tests

Sodium

Test Overview

The Sodium Test measures the level of sodium (Na⁺) in the blood, a key electrolyte that helps regulate fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contractions. Sodium levels are tightly controlled by the kidneys, adrenal glands, and hormones such as aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (ADH). This test is commonly used to assess dehydration, kidney function, adrenal disorders, and electrolyte imbalances. The Sodium Test plays a vital role in monitoring electrolyte balance and diagnosing disorders related to fluid and sodium regulation.

Test Types

  • Serum Sodium – Measures sodium levels in the blood to evaluate electrolyte balance.
  • Urine Sodium – Assesses sodium excretion by the kidneys.
  • 24-Hour Urine Sodium – Provides a more comprehensive evaluation of sodium balance over a full day.

Sodium Test Results & Ranges

Test Component: Normal Range: Abnormal (Possible Conditions):
Serum Sodium 135–145 mmol/L High (Hypernatremia): Dehydration, Cushing’s syndrome, excess salt intake, kidney disease
Low (Hyponatremia): Dehydration, heart failure, kidney disease, SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion), adrenal insufficiency
Urine Sodium 40–220 mmol/day (varies with diet) High: Excessive salt intake, kidney issues
Low: Dehydration, adrenal insufficiency
24-Hour Urine Sodium 75–200 mmol/day Helps determine sodium intake and kidney function

 

Expected Turnaround Time

  • Results Available: Within 24 hours for blood tests, 1–3 days for 24-hour urine analysis.

Specimen Requirements

  • Sample Type: Blood sample (venipuncture) or urine sample.
  • Container: Blood Test (Serum separator tube – SST) or Urine Test (Sterile collection container).
  • Collection Instructions:
    • Blood Test: No fasting required. Stay hydrated before the test. Inform your doctor of medications such as diuretics, steroids, or IV fluids, which can affect sodium levels.
  • Urine Test: Collect a random urine sample or a 24-hour urine collection as directed. For 24-hour urine collection: Discard the first urine of the day and collect all urine over the next 24 hours in a provided container.
  • Storage: Blood and urine samples should be processed promptly and stored at the appropriate temperature.

Test Details

Clinical Use: Evaluates electrolyte balance and hydration status. This additionally helps diagnose and monitor conditions such as: Dehydration or overhydration, Kidney disease and adrenal gland disorders, Heart failure, liver disease, and SIADH. Effects of diuretics or other medications affecting sodium levels.

Limitations: Temporary changes in sodium levels can occur due to diet, medications, or IV fluids. Additional tests (e.g., potassium, chloride, BUN, creatinine, aldosterone levels) may be required for a complete evaluation.

0