Hepatic Function Panel
Test Overview
The Hepatic Function Panel, also known as the Liver Function Test (LFT), is a blood test that evaluates the overall health and function of the liver. It measures various enzymes, proteins, and substances produced by the liver to assess liver disease, damage, or inflammation. This test is commonly used to diagnose liver conditions, monitor liver function, and evaluate the effects of medications or alcohol consumption.
Test Uses
- Assess liver function and detect liver disease (hepatitis, cirrhosis, fatty liver disease).
- Monitor liver damage from alcohol, toxins, or medications (e.g., statins, acetaminophen).
- Check for bile duct obstruction and conditions like gallstones or cholestasis.
- Evaluate protein production and the liver’s ability to clear waste from the blood.
Hepatic Function Panel Test Results & Ranges
| Test Component: | Normal Range: | Abnormal (Possible Conditions): |
|---|---|---|
| Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT/SGPT) | 7–56 U/L | Elevated ALT → Possible liver damage, hepatitis, fatty liver disease, or cirrhosis. |
| Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST/SGOT) | 10–40 U/L | Elevated AST → May indicate liver disease, heart disease, or muscle injury. |
| Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) | 44–147 U/L | Elevated ALP → May suggest bile duct obstruction, bone disease, or liver disease. |
| Total Bilirubin | 0.1–1.2 mg/dL | Elevated bilirubin → May indicate liver disease, hemolysis, or bile duct obstruction. |
| Direct (Conjugated) Bilirubin | 0.0–0.3 mg/dL | High levels may indicate bile duct obstruction or liver dysfunction. |
| Albumin | 3.5–5.0 g/dL | Low albumin → May suggest liver disease, kidney disease, or malnutrition. |
| Total Protein | 6.0–8.3 g/dL | Low levels may indicate liver disease or nutritional deficiencies. |
Expected Turnaround Time
- Results Available: Typically within 24 hours.
Specimen Requirements
- Sample Type: Blood sample (venipuncture).
- Container: Serum separator tube (SST).
Collection Instructions
- Fasting: Fasting may be required (especially if part of a comprehensive metabolic panel).
- Medications: Inform your healthcare provider about any medications, as some (e.g., statins, acetaminophen) can affect liver enzyme levels.
Test Details
Clinical Use: This panel assesses liver function and health by measuring key enzymes, proteins, and bilirubin levels. It helps diagnose hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver damage, and bile duct issues. It is often used to monitor individuals with chronic liver disease, alcohol use disorder, or medication-induced liver injury.
Limitations: Liver enzyme elevations can be caused by factors outside of liver disease, such as muscle injury, heart conditions, or medication side effects. Additional testing may be required to confirm a specific liver disorder.
The Hepatic Function Panel is a crucial test for evaluating liver health, diagnosing liver disease, and monitoring ongoing liver conditions.